Baijiu (Chinese: 白酒; pinyin: báijiǔ), also known as shaojiu (烧酒), is a traditional Chinese distilled spirit and one of the oldest and most culturally significant liquors in the world. Often inaccurately translated as “white wine,” baijiu is, in fact, a potent spirit typically ranging between 40% to 60% alcohol by volume (ABV), making it comparable in strength to vodka. Remarkably, it is also the most-consumed liquor in the world by volume.
Baijiu is a clear, colorless drink that is traditionally distilled from sorghum, although recipes may vary by region. In southern China, glutinous rice is commonly used, while in northern regions, grains such as wheat, barley, millet, or Job’s tears may be employed. A distinctive element in its production is the jiuqu (酒曲) fermentation starter—usually made from crushed wheat—which initiates the complex fermentation process that gives baijiu its unique aroma and character.
While baijiu may visually resemble other East Asian spirits like Japanese shōchū (approximately 25% ABV) or Korean soju (typically 20–45% ABV), its alcohol content is generally higher, giving it a bolder mouthfeel and presence.
Baijiu is deeply embedded in Chinese social culture and is commonly served at family gatherings, festive celebrations, and business banquets, where it plays a central role in toasting, bonding, and hospitality.
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